Tag - uav

Fixed Wing or Multi-Rotor?

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Should I buy a fixed-wing or a multi-rotor for my application?

At Unmanned Systems Source, we receive calls on a daily basis from customers who ask this very question. We always follow up with a question of our own, “I’m not sure, it depends. What’s your application?”. And so begins a conversation. Choosing between a multi-rotor or a fixed-wing is not always a straight forward choice. In fact, there are a number of factors that should be considered before making a selection. Common questions we ask interested buyers, include: What are the project objectives? How much area needs to be covered? What sort of flight duration is required? Are you collecting data? What is your payload? What is your experience level? And, finally, what is your budget? Once we understand the client’s needs and the operational environment, the choice comes into focus.

Fixed Wing Considerations 7200_c

Fixed-wings are generally better suited for rural environments and are work horses for many commercial and scientific applications. Though they may not offer the maneuverability of a multi-rotor, when it comes to flight times and coverage, fixed wings excel. Other advantages include:
  • Capability of operating at higher altitudes
  • Faster flight speeds
  • Power and capacity to carry heavier and, in some cases, multiple payloads – which in turn means the ability to gather more sophisticated data
  • Option to choose from a wider variety of sensors
  • Extended flight times, 60 minutes +
  • Larger coverage
In regards to the operational area required, it depends on the vehicle. Fixed wings need more space for takeoffs and landings. While hand-launched models deploy quickly, others require a launching rail. The initial costs to purchase a fixed-wing systems are higher but these systems are fairly inexpensive to maintain due to their simpler design. And there is usually less operational “down-time” for fixed-wings.  

M600-1-300x251@2x (1)Multi-rotor Considerations

The use of multi-rotors has exploded in recent years in large part due to their affordability and ease of use. But multi-rotor advantages certainly extend beyond these two points. Other advantages include:
  • Highly maneuverable in flight which is great for urban and tightly confined areas
  • Ability to hover – which make it an excellent choice for inspections of infrastructure that require close-up examination
  • Easy to operate and deploys quickly
  • Small takeoff and landing footprint
  • Affordable price-point
In flight, multi-rotors are incredibly maneuverable and can hover which make them the preferred choice for detailed inspection work and urban areas where space limitations are at a premium. They are also the obvious choice for video and photography work. Though multi-rotors provide only limited flight duration (15-20 minutes on average), their operational flexibility makes it a favored choice for many urban applications. Ultimately, the choice between a multi-rotor or fixed-wing for a specific application depends on a variety of factors. Understanding the strengths and limitations of each vehicle goes a long way in helping inform your decision.

Click here for the Fixed Wing or Multirotor Infographic!

Proven cm-level Precision Using UAVs

Septentrio_uavYour challenge, should you choose to accept it… You’ve been asked to survey some points on the ground with centimeter-level accuracy. Feeling confident? How about a few hundred points spread over 7.5 hectares (18.53 acres) and the job has to be done in one afternoon. Throw in the fact that the area you have to survey is in a quarry which has been closed off due to a recent landslide. Still feeling confident? You should and here’s why. Improvements in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology combined with more compact high-end Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers means that you no longer have to compromise on precision to measure in those hard-to-reach areas.  

Before the flight

image_uavUAVs have become more reliable and easier to work with: from programming flight paths to installing additional equipment on board, UAV applications are no longer confined to a limited group of specialists. For a survey flight, your UAV will need to have installed: a high-resolution camera and a high-end GNSS receiver module. To fly the UAV through a pre-programmed flight plan, an autopilot flight controller is often included.    

The flight

The flight path shown below covered 7.5 hectares (18.53 acres) and was flown in 15 minutes. The 143 photographs taken during the flight were geotagged with GNSS standalone mode positions. Accuracies in standalone mode are typically around 1 to 4 meters (3.28 to 13.13 ft). If the on-board receiver receives correction information in real time from a nearby GNSS base station, it calculates positions using the more precise (centimeter-level) RTK mode. With the necessary data from a GNSS base station, RTK positioning can also be calculated ‘offline’ in the processing step using GeoTagZ as described below. Offline reprocessing using GeoTagZ removes the need for a real-time data connection between the UAV and base station which simplifies the hardware setup on the UAV and reduces the payload.   flight_path

Back in the office: Geotagging

The AsteRx-m UAS receiver recorded the times the photographs were taken by time-stamping a pulse signal from the camera shutter. It also recorded dual-frequency GNSS measurements during the flight. The GeoTagZ software uses the GNSS data recorded by the receiver and, combining it with the base station reference file, is able to calculate centimeter-level RTK positions for georeferencing the photographs.  The EXIF data of the photographs is then replaced with the more accurate RTK georeferences ready for image processing. In this example, GeoTagZ was able to match images with shutter events despite the receiver file covering a longer time period and so having more events than images.   With the photographs now stamped with a precise time and location, they can be processed. The blue crosses in the screenshot below are the ground locations of check points used to determine the final precision and accuracy. They play no part in the processing. This example details the use of Pix4D and PhotoScan however, other similar image processing tools could equally well have been used.   cropmap

What accuracy can you expect on the ground?

The photographs in this example were processed using two popular image processing software tools Pix4D and PhotoScan from Agisoft. The values highlighted below are the 3D-RMS values from their respective reports. These values are calculated from the sum of squared differences between each of the 20 check points’ surveyed positions and their positions as calculated using the image processing software. The 3D accuracies for both software tools are better than 3.5 cm, with the height (Z) being the largest contributor to the total error. This is the same accuracy that a human surveyor would typically reach when surveying each of the 20 points check points manually.

Pix4D

 

Agisoft PhotoScan

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GeoTagZ provides the missing link to centimeter-level ground mapping

The combination of high-resolution aerial photographs with GeoTagZ, for georeferencing with RTK positions from a compact high-end receiver module, provides the complete input for centimeter-level mapping precision on the ground. The same precision as manual survey can thus be achieved in a fraction of the time for all ground points within the surveyed area.

6 Drones For Professional Film and Photography

cinema_top_6The film and photography industry has quickly become one of the biggest adopters of drone technology. When DJI released a drone equipped with an HD camera and steadying technology, it was a game changer. Suddenly, an entire niche gained affordable access to perspectives previously reserved for helicopter and fixed-wing pilots. Most professional film and photography enthusiasts are primarily concerned with the quality of the camera. However, factors such as flight stability and ease of use are also important considerations. This short list includes 6 drones for professional film and photography that integrate these features best.  

Thor X4 Cinema Class UAS

Thor X4 Cinema Class UASThe Thor X4 Cinema Class UAS is a heavy lift octocopter. It's designed to carry professional filming cameras such as the Sony Fs700, or Canon C300. The Thor X4 is ATI's most advanced octocopter and is optimized for professional film applications. A number of upgrades have improved the drones' overall flight and performance. It is equipped with a dual battery box that can hold two, 20,000 mAH cell batteries, which provides a massive power source up to 40,000 mAH. In addition, the battery box gives the drone a stronger anchor point. A top plate provides extra protection for electronics and helps strengthen the frame. Main Features:
  • Designed to carry heavy cameras and other payloads
  • Optimized for professional filming applications
  • 18″ carbon fiber props that provide reduced flex and vibration
  • Better stability even in strong winds
  • Dual 20,000 mAH batteries for a combined 40,000 mAH power source
Rating: 10/10  

Chroma Camera Drone with 4K CGO3

The Chroma Camera Drone offers everything needed for professional film and photography -- all in one package. This quadcopter boasts a 4K camera, a long lasting power source and a touch screen controller. It is also equipped with advanced safety technology and modes for assisting beginner pilots. The Chroma Camera Drone is fairly easy to fly with smooth and predictable response. Plus, its aerial photography mode makes it easy for pilots to capture great shots. It also uses GPS and GLONASS for exceptional positional accuracy and reliability. It also captures steady and distortion-free images in amazing 4K high definition. Safety features include: Follow Me and Tracking modes, as well as a Return Home function. These features enable safer landings and enhance the equipment’s security. In addition, the Chroma Camera Drone allows for adjustable flight boundaries for responsible flying. Main Features:
  • Flight ready drone equipped with a stabilized 4K CGO3 camera
  • ST-10+ Controller with a touch-screen display
  • Smart Mode feature for first-time pilots
  • Aerial Photography mode for great panning and tracking shots
  • Adjustable flight boundaries
  • Return home mode for safe landings at the start-off point
Rating: 9/10  

DJI Phantom 3 Professional

The Phantom 3 Professional is widely regarded as one of the best film and photography drones available today. The Phantom 3 has worry-free navigation -- even while it processes and completes complex calculations in real time -- to assist pilots during flight. It isequipped with GPS-assisted hover to help operators keeps track of the equipment and easily fly the UAV back home. The Phantom 3 also boasts an unmatched propulsion system for its class and a smart battery for increased power. Sensors calculate battery power in real time so that pilots always know how much flight time is left. In addition to the above features, the DJI Phantom 3 Professional also compiles automatic Flight Logs, including flight route, time and distance information, as well as cached versions of any shots or video taken during the flight. Main Features:
  • Ultra HD recording with a 4K camera
  • Lightning fast brushless motors for fast, agile, and responsive flight
  • Advanced autopilot for automatic take off, flight, and return at the push of a button
  • Automatic flight logs that save details of each flight for future reference
  • Three axis gimbal for improved stability, crisp images, and smooth footage
Rating: 9/10  

DJI Inspire 1 Pro/Raw

Helix Inspire 1 Pro Aerial Drone KitThe DJI Inspire 1 Pro/Raw is a professional filming platform that combines the best of DJI's industry leading UAV technology and world class imaging capabilities. The Inspire 1 Pro/Raw drones are the smallest and easiest to fly in their class. They come equipped with the Zenmuse X5 and X5R professional cinema-quality cameras. The DJI Inspire 1 Pro/Raw has all the features flyers have come to expect: one button take-off, stable flight, return home, 360° camera views, to name a few. Main Features:
  • The world's smallest and easiest to fly professional aerial filming platform
  • Cinema quality Zenmuse X5 and X5R cameras designed for aerial imaging
  • Remote camera focus
  • Comprehensive control of drone and camera at all times
  • New design propellers and motors for fast and agile flying
  • Intelligent flight modes include home lock, course lock, and points of interest
Rating: 9/10  

Q-Cop 450 Quadcopter

The Q-Cop 450 Quadcopter from Hitec is the company's first multirotor drone and is designed for high performance flying and image capture. Its aerodynamic design ensures greater flight stability. Its built-in high definition camera captures high resolution aerial photos and real-time videos. Q-Cop 450 features include ultra-efficient propellers and brushless motors, and flight aids such as an autopilot return function. Main Features:
  • Streamlined, ergonomic design for incredible flight stability and performance
  • Built-in high performance 90° vertical HD camera with shock isolation
  • GPS enabled directional control
  • Automatic return-to-home feature
  • 22-33 mph cruising speed and 20-25 minutes of flight time
  • 300m range for streaming video direct
Rating: 7/10  

Yuneec Typhoon Q500 4K

As a company, Yuneec has developed and manufactured RCs for over 15 years. The Typhoon Q500 4K brings that expertise together and, as such, is considered the company's flagship drone. The Typhoon Q500 has smooth and stable flying. Plus, its all-in-one controller gives the operator camera control and a first-person view of images. The Typhoon Q500 is capable of capturing ground videos and photos thanks to a hand-grip option, which is included. For new pilots, the Typhoon offers two autonomous modes: Follow Me which tethers the drone to its controller and Watch Me which keeps the pilot in the frame of view. The Typhoon Q500 4K's sturdy body and strong arms highlight its quality construction and make the UAV a complete professional film and photography package. Main Features:
  • Responsive controls and smart modes for easy flying
  • Strong, sturdy and durable construction
  • Personal Ground Station with built-in touchscreen
  • CGO3 4K 3-axis Gimbal Camera
  • Handgrip for capturing ground footage
  • Watch Me mode that continuously keeps pilot in focus
  • FAA compliant No Fly Zone feature
Rating: 7/10   Film and photography professionals, as well as enthusiasts, have a growing number of drones from which to choose.  As for now, the drones outlined are a great place to start. They provide a nice combination of high quality cameras, smooth and stable flying, and ease of use.